Sunday, June 30, 2013

Blessing Okagbare upstages Fraser-Pryce, Jeter to win 200 meters in Birmingham

BIRMINGHAM, England — Blessing Okagbare of Nigeria upstaged illustrious rivals Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Carmelita Jeter to win the 200 meters at the Birmingham GP on Sunday, capping a tough day for a string of reigning Olympic champions on their returns to Britain.
The standout race of the Diamond League meet was billed as a head to head between Fraser-Pryce and Jeter but triple African champion Okagbare made an unusually strong start and held off Fraser-Pryce, the two-time Olympic 100-meter champion from Jamaica, to win in 22.55 seconds.
Jeter, the world 200 champion, trailed in a disappointing seventh in 23.36.
“I just focus on myself, I don’t care who is in the lineup,” said Okagbare, who won an Olympic bronze in the long jump in 2008. “I don’t underestimate those two, I know they are good.
“The time wasn’t so fast but it’s always a good feeling winning so I’m happy.”
Double Olympic long-distance champion Mo Farah thrilled home fans by winning the 5,000 ahead of Ethiopian challengers Hagos Gebrhiwet, Yenew Alamirew and Ibrahim Jeilan, but it wasn’t such a great day for many other gold medalists from the London Games.
World-record holder Aries Merritt of the United States finished second in the 110 hurdles behind 2009 world champion Ryan Brathwaite, who clocked 13.13 into a headwind, and Sally Pearson of Australia slumped to fourth in the women’s 100 hurdles as Dawn Harper-Nelson led an American 1-2 ahead of Kellie Wells.
Olympic champion Felix Sanchez was seventh as Javier Culson dominated a high-quality 400 hurdles field to win in 48.59 and Jennifer Suhr of the U.S. could only come third in the women’s pole vault.
Nesta Carter of Jamaica capitalized on the absence of the leading men’s sprinters such as Usain Bolt, Yohan Blake, Tyson Gay and Justin Gatlin to win the 100 in 9.99.
With the world championships in Moscow a little more than a month away, Okagbare has emerged as a real contender in the short sprints.
“I’m actually confident about both (the 100 and 200),” said Okagbare of her world championship prospects. “I might be doubling, so we’ll see.”
Jeter has just recovered from a thigh injury and never looked capable of closing the gap on training partner Okagbare or Fraser-Pryce, who had both pulled clear as they rounded the bend.
Okagbare was just ahead and stayed strong down the straight to finish 0.17 seconds clear of Fraser-Pryce.
Britain had female winners in Christine Ohuruogo in the 400, Perri Shakes-Drayton in the 400 hurdles and Jessica Judd in the 800 but the loudest roar greeted the victory of Farah, who was looking to make a statement of intent against the three Ethiopian rivals he will likely face in Moscow.
In scenes reminiscent of his memorable long-distance double in the Olympic Stadium last summer, Farah pushed himself into the lead after going through the bell slightly behind Gebrhiwet. As Alamirew, the fastest over 5,000 this year, challenged Farah with 200 meters left, the Briton kicked again and pulled clear to win in 13 minutes, 14.24 seconds.
“The young guys wanted to beat me — I’m the guy to beat,” said Farah, who raised his hands to perform his signature “Mobot” celebration as he crossed the line. “I had to dig deep.
“They were working as a team. But you’ve got hold your form and make sure you’ve got something else left.”
A string of hamstring injuries had kept world and Olympic champion Pearson off the track for 11 months — since her winning run at the London Games — but she made a successful return to action on Thursday with a victory at the Golden Spike in Ostrava.
The Australian couldn’t back that up, though, fading in the last 20 meters to finish fourth as Harper-Nelson — silver medalist in London — edged Wells to win in 12.64. Tiffany Porter of Britain was third and just 0.09 separated the first four.
This was the seventh Diamond League event of the year. There are four more before the world championships start August 10.
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Saturday, June 29, 2013

Nigerian commission: Credible reports troops kill, torture, rape civilians in Islamic uprising


A report by the commission said troops retaliating against civilians have torched homes and tried to hide evidence of gross violations by disposing of bodies.

In the most egregious case, where troops went on a rampage in several villages after a soldier was killed in mid-April in the fishing village of Baga, it quoted police as saying soldiers “started shooting indiscriminately at anybody in sight including domestic animals. This reaction resulted to loss of lives and massive destruction of properties.”
The military said 36 people were killed, most of them extremist fighters. Witnesses told the AP at the time that some 187 civilians were killed.
The commission said the killings also came after militants had ransacked an armory, with subsequent reports indicating the extremists enjoyed an increase in the caliber and quantity of weapons and “had become both more organized and emboldened by their apparent successes despite the enhanced security presence.”
That contradicted military reports that they have taken control of the region in a military emergency covering thee states and one-sixth of the sprawling country. Instead, they appear to have pushed the fighters into rocky mountains with caves where it is more difficult to flush them out. The extremists regularly attack towns and villages.
The commission, a government body, issued an interim report saying it would finalize it when its investigators are able to visit the area where soldiers have cut mobile phone and Internet connections. A state of emergency was declared May 14 when the government said extremists from the Boko Haram terrorist group had taken control of some towns and villages.
The insurgency poses the biggest threat in years to security in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation of 160 million and the continent’s biggest oil producer.
Communities trapped between the Islamic militants and the security forces “reportedly live in desperate fear and destitution,” the commission said.
It warned of an imminent public health emergency and food shortages because farmers have been forced from their fields.
Food prices have nearly trebled, the commission said, with a 50-kilogram (110-pound) sack of rice selling for up to 18,000 naira ($112.50) from 7,000 naira ($44).
Some medical experts from the region have reported a notable upsurge in sudden deaths, heart attacks and aneurysms, it said.
Northeast Nigeria already presents “the worst statistics of human development in Nigeria generally,” it said.
Maternal mortality rates were three times the national average of 545 deaths for every 100,000 live births, and reports reaching the commission suggest the emergency has even more mothers dying in childbirth.
Northeast Nigeria is the poorest region in the country, with government statistics indicating 75 percent of the population lives from hand to mouth on less than $1 a day.
The commission’s interim findings corroborated AP reports from the region. Militants who began by targeting government personnel and health workers — they preach that Western religion and medicine are forbidden — are increasingly targeting civilians in attacks on schools and vaccination campaigns.
“The Commission equally received several credibly attested allegations of gross violations by officials of the JTF (joint task force of police and military), including allegations of summary executions, torture, arbitrary detention amounting to internment and outrages against the dignity of civilians, as well as rape,” the rights commission said.
“In particular, we have received persistent and credibly attested allegations of indiscriminate disposal of dead human remains by personnel of both the JTF and the Borno State Environmental Protection Agency.”
The military and presidential spokesmen did not respond to requests for comment.
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Do the Health Benefits of Neonatal Circumcision Outweigh the Risks?

These days, approximately 57% of boys are circumcised in U.S. hospitals, with the procedure generally being more common among whites and less common among black and Hispanic populations, according to estimates. Other boys are circumcised in religious ceremonies shortly after birth.
While many factors likely influence circumcision rates, part of the decline occurred after 1999, when the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a policy statement saying the potential medical benefits of neonatal circumcision weren't strong enough to recommend it as a routine procedure. The group shifted its stance last year, however, saying newer studies indicate the health benefits of circumcision do outweigh the risks and that parents should be told of its protective effects.
Nevertheless, debate about the practice continues to swirl, with both sides citing competing studies as evidence for their positions. Critics say we shouldn't be removing healthy body parts from infants, calling circumcision a trauma that can lead to decreased sexual function later in life. Proponents say circumcision helps prevent urinary tract infections, HIV and penile cancer.
Ronald Gray, a physician and professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, makes the case in favor of neonatal circumcision. Arguing against it is Ronald Goldman, a physician, psychological researcher and educator who is the executive director of the Circumcision Resource Center in Boston and the author of two books on circumcision.
Yes: The Benefits Are Many, While the Risks Are Few
By Ronald Gray
Keith Weller/Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Ronald Gray
The health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, and the procedure should be accessible to all families who want it.
So said a task force convened by the American Academy of Pediatrics to review the latest scientific evidence on circumcision and update the group's policy stance
The task force, which released its findings last year, also made clear that "parents are entitled to factually correct, nonbiased information" from health-care providers about the pros and cons of circumcision, so they can make an informed decision about what is best for their child in the context of their personal circumstances and cultural/religious beliefs.
Here are the facts, based on published, peer-reviewed and independently monitored studies
The risk of complications from newborn circumcision in U.S. hospitals is estimated to be about 0.2%. The most common complication is bleeding, which can be readily controlled. Infection and penile injuries are very rare.
Fewer Infections
The benefits of circumcision that accrue during childhood include a marked reduction in urinary-tract infections, which affect one in 100 uncircumcised boys, mainly during the first two years of life, and inflammation or infection under the foreskin, which affects around 17 in 100 uncircumcised boys before the age of 8. Circumcision reduces the risk of these problems by around 60%. In adulthood, circumcision has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV infection in men by 50% to 60%, and is now recommended by the World Health Organization as an HIV prevention strategy.
Circumcision also lowers the risk of acquiring herpes infection and genital ulcers in men. It reduces infection with human papilloma viruses, or HPV, in both men and their female partners. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the U.S., causing cervical, penile and anal cancers, as well as genital warts. Female partners of circumcised men have lower rates of vaginal infections and genital ulcers.
Circumcision doesn't impair sexual potency or pleasure, according to randomized controlled trials. These studies are considered the most credible because they compare men who are circumcised at random versus men who aren't, and the men who are circumcised during the trial can assess whether their pleasure or potency is affected by the procedure.
Waiting Is a Bad Idea
The risks and benefits of circumcision should be conveyed to parents early in pregnancy so they have time to make an informed decision, and the procedure should be covered by health insurance, including Medicaid, so that cost isn't an impediment for families who may not be able to afford it.
There is debate over the ethics of male circumcision because infants themselves cannot consent to the procedure, and the effects are permanent. But parents consent to many health decisions, such as immunization, on behalf of their children, and the law explicitly recognizes this parental right.
Delaying circumcision until boys are 18 years old and can legally provide consent is a bad idea because at that point the procedure is more complex and has a higher rate of complications. It also would deprive boys of circumcisions's benefits during childhood and adolescence.
The claim that circumcision is painful and traumatic enough to interfere with mother-child bonding and a boy's future relationships is speculation, not a finding based on scientific research. Indeed, the Academy of Pediatrics concluded that adequate anesthesia, especially injectable local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine, "is effective in mitigating pain and its consequences."
Suggestions that a doctor's own circumcision status might influence his research into or support of circumcision are unwarranted and have no basis in science. Randomized trials are the objective "gold standard" in medicine, and aren't dependent on the investigator's personal experience with the procedure.
In short, infant male circumcision has lifelong health benefits that outweigh the immediate risks, and parents should be counseled so they can decide what is best for their child.
Dr. Gray is a professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.  
No: It's Unnecessary, Causes Pain and Reduces Pleasure
By Ronald Goldman
Circumcision Resource Center
Ronald Goldman
Most of the world instinctively rejects routine neonatal circumcision as harmful genital surgery, like removing other natural, healthy, functioning body parts.
Thirty-eight leading physicians from Europe, Canada and Australia say that some American doctors support circumcision because of cultural bias, and that the claimed health benefits are either questionable or too weak to justify surgery on boys before they are old enough to provide consent.
No medical organization says circumcision offers immediate health benefits, and only American-influenced groups claim it offers debatable potential benefits. The conditions the procedure supposedly reduces the risk of acquiring are either rare (penile cancer), easily treatable (urinary tract infections) or can be prevented in less intrusive and more effective ways (condoms in the case of sexually transmitted diseases).
Traumatic Event
Studies show that circumcision is significantly painful and traumatic, resulting in large increases in heart rate, blood pressure and stress hormone levels. Some infants don't cry because they go into shock. Penile anesthetic injections, if used, don't completely eliminate pain. The trauma can cause behavioral and neurological changes and disrupt mother-child bonding and feeding.
Circumcision carries dozens of surgical risks, including in rare cases death. The American Academy of Pediatrics says "the true incidence of complications after newborn circumcision is unknown." Therefore, it can't credibly compare benefits and risks. Some doctors refuse to circumcise on ethical grounds.
Advocates of circumcision say it doesn't affect sexual function, but they haven't satisfied their burden of proof, and common sense and multiple studies say otherwise. Circumcision removes over a third of the erogenous tissue on the penile shaft, including several kinds of specialized nerves. The adult foreskin, a double-layer movable sleeve of about 12 square inches, enhances sexual pleasure and facilitates intercourse.
One man compared having sex after an adult circumcision to "seeing in black and white instead of in color." According to some studies, circumcised men are more likely to have erectile dysfunction (4.5 times higher likelihood of using ED drugs), orgasm difficulties and premature ejaculation, while their female partners have more problems with sexual function, fulfillment, and painful intercourse. A survey of women with comparative sexual experience showed they strongly prefer genitally intact men.
Circumcision rates in the U.S. have been falling since the 1960s, when the vast majority of infant boys had their foreskins removed before leaving the hospital.
Psychological harms are reported by clinicians and circumcised men. They include anger toward parents and others, sexual anxieties, reduced emotional expression and empathy, low self-esteem and avoidance of intimacy. Other circumcised men may seem satisfied because they don't know what they're missing or are suppressing their feelings out of discomfort or fear of being dismissed.
Questions Remain
Questions about potential harms remain, yet researchers defending circumcision avoid studying them. Since psychological harms can disrupt relationships, could circumcision be connected to America's uniquely high divorce rate? Is circumcision trauma linked to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which occur about three to four times more often in boys? The rise and fall of male infant mortality correlates with the rise and fall of the circumcision rate. Is there a connection? An MRI showed permanent brain changes in a circumcised infant. What are the effects of circumcision trauma on the brain?
Rather than admit a serious mistake, we ignore the harm and produce endless inflated medical claims to defend our bias. Some research shows that circumcision is favored more often by circumcised physicians. If they participate in pro-circumcision studies or committees, circumcision status could influence their work.
Watch a circumcision video and trust your feelings, instincts, common sense and nature. You will want to keep your baby safe from specious genital surgery and trauma.
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In South Africa, Obama pays tribute to ailing Mandela, but tries to focus on economic message


JOHANNESBURG — Paying tribute to his personal hero, President Barack Obama met privately Saturday with Nelson Mandela’s family as the world anxiously awaited news on the condition of the ailing 94-year-old anti-apartheid leader.
Obama, who has spoken movingly about Mandela throughout his trip to Africa, praised the former South African president’s “moral courage” during remarks from the grand Union Buildings where Mandela was inaugurated as his nation’s first black president.
The U.S. president also called on the continent’s leaders, including in neighboring Zimbabwe, to take stock of Mandela’s willingness to put country before self and step down after one term despite his immense popularity.
“We as leaders occupy these spaces temporarily and we don’t get so deluded that we think the fate of our country doesn’t depend on how long we stay in office,” Obama said during a news conference with South African President Jacob Zuma.
Obama’s stop in South Africa marked the midway point of a weeklong trip to Africa, his most significant engagement with the continent since taking office in 2009.
His lack of personal attention on the region has frustrated some Africans who had high expectations for the first black American president and son of a Kenyan man.
Even with Mandela’s health casting a shadow over his visit, Obama tried to keep focus on an agenda that includes deeper U.S. economic ties with Africa. The president dismissed suggestions that he was only investing personal capital on Africa’s economy now as a response to the increased focus on the continent by China, India, Brazil and others.
“I want everybody playing in Africa,” he said. “The more, the merrier.”
But the president pointedly called on Africans to make sure that countries seeking an economic foothold on the continent are making a “good deal for Africa.”
“If somebody says they want to come build something here, are they hiring African workers?” Obama said. “If somebody says that they want to help you develop your natural resources, how much of the money is staying in Africa? If they say that they’re very interested in a certain industry, is the manufacturing and value-added done in Africa? “
The president did not specifically single out China, but some African leaders have criticized Beijing for such behaviors.
Obama’s focus on trade and business appeared to be well received in Africa, home to six of the world’s 10 fastest-growing economies. The majority of the questions he received from the South African press and later at a town hall meeting with young African leaders focused on U.S. economic interests in the region.
Between his two events, Obama spent about 30 minutes meeting privately with two of Mandela’s daughters and several of his grandchildren at the former leader’s foundation offices in Johannesburg. He also spoke by phone with Mandela’s wife, Graça Machel, who remained by her husband’s side at the Pretoria hospital where he has battled a lung infection for three weeks.
In a statement following the call, Machel said she drew strength from the Obama and his “touch of personal warmth.”
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Officials: 20 Islamic extremists, 3 security forces killed in Nigeria

MAIDUGURI, Nigeria — A military intelligence officer says soldiers have killed 20 Islamic extremists while two police officers died in an hours-long shootout near Maiduguri city in northeast Nigeria.
An army officer, meanwhile, says that in another attack Thursday, militants killed one soldier and abducted three others in Potiskum.
The officers requested anonymity because they are not authorized to speak to reporters on the record. Bala Ahmed, a taxi driver in the area, also said he witnessed the fight near Maiduguri.
Potiskum and Maiduguri are strongholds of Boko Haram, an Islamic extremist group behind numerous attacks in Nigeria.
Three northeast states covering a sixth of this West African oil producer have been under a state of emergency since May 14 as the military has tried to crack down on the extremists.

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Thursday, June 27, 2013

Energy Journal: Shell Recommits to Nigeria


By James Herron
BACK TO THE DELTA
In its 77 years operating in Nigeria, Royal Dutch Shell PLC has certainly pumped lots of oil, but it has also come in for plenty of grief. Over the years it has been accused of involvement in human-rights violations and environmental pollution, and its pipelines and personnel have periodically been menaced by armed groups.
From time to time, this troubled situation has prompted speculation that the U.K.-listed oil company would quit the West African country, but on Friday Shell gave a clear signal that it intends to remain in Nigeria by announcing new investments from its joint venture there totaling $3.9 billion.
The largest chunk of the money–$2.4 billion–will be spent on five gas supply and infrastructure projects that will ensure adequate future supply for domestic power plants and a liquefied natural gas export project, Shell said. The more interesting investment of $1.5 billion is in a new pipeline intended to bypass one of the Niger Delta’s oil-theft hot spots.
An entire black economy has built up around the theft of oil from pipelines in the Niger Delta. According to Shell and the Nigerian authorities, thieves regularly drill into pipelines that crisscross the region, pump oil into small ships, process it in illegal refineries and sell it on local or international markets. Efforts to stamp out the bootleg industry have proved largely futile, and Shell recently has sought international help on the matter.
Shell hopes the new loop off the existing Trans Niger Pipeline will reduce spills often caused by oil theft because it will avoid an area where the practice is common, passing instead through a swampier area where access will be more difficult for thieves, reports The Wall Street Journal.
The need for action is clear. The Trans Niger Pipeline spilled oil and caught fire last week–an event that Shell blamed on oil thieves. Whether the re-routing will prove successful is less clear because, as one risk analyst pointed out, oil thieves have shown themselves to be organized, determined and resourceful.
Enforcing laws in the Niger Delta can also be a tricky business. Even the government acknowledges there is collusion between the people supposed to prevent oil theft and those committing the crime.
The confusion over who is a good guy and who is a bad guy was amply demonstrated over the weekend. Nigerian security forces arrested a number of contractors of Shell’s joint venture at the site of the fire on the Trans Niger Pipeline, on the suspicion that they were involved in oil theft, the Journal reports. The manager of one of the contracting firms denied the accusation.
On top of its new investments, Shell also announced a strategic review of some of its onshore oil assets in the Niger Delta, which may well result in the sale of further licenses. Shell has already sold $1.8 billion of oil licenses in Nigeria since 2010, reports the Financial Times.
FRACKING PSYCHOLOGY
The controversy over the safety of the process used to produce shale oil and gas–hydraulic fracturing, or fracking–is starting to show some of the hallmarks of that other hot energy debate, climate change. And that’s probably a bad thing.
A study by Yale University suggests that people’s views over whether fracking is a benefit or a menace depend more on their political allegiance than their level of understanding of the topic, reports Mother Jones magazine.
On the left wing, people with higher scientific literacy tend to think that fracking is riskier, the study found. On the right wing, people who understand more about science think fracking is safer. The survey found a very similar pattern when asking people their view of the dangers of climate change.
The Yale researchers drew no conclusions about whether fracking, or climate change, are dangerous. But they did have something to say about people: “The more they know, the more biased and polarized they’ll be, the more likely to double down on their beliefs.”
The difficulty in changing people’s minds has important consequences for the shale industry, especially in places like Europe where fracking has barely started but public anxiety about it is already high.
The U.K.’s leading shale-gas explorer, Cuadrilla Resources, has had to delay plans to drill a single well near the town of Balcombe in southeast England after local opponents raised concerns about its permitting with the Environment Agency, reports Geoffrey Lean of The Daily Telegraph.
Protesters against Cuadrilla’s plans in Balcombe appear to be largely immune to the company’s assurances that it doesn’t plan any fracking operations in the area, and would need additional permits if it did. Environmental groups are also likely to be emboldened by their early victory over the company, writes Mr. Lean.
MARKETS
Oil futures were slightly lower Monday as concerns about the Chinese economy caused nervousness in markets.
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Dr. Ruth says some frank things about aging and sex





Witnesses: 32 killed, many injured, in clashes sparked by cattle rustling in central Nigeria

By Associated Press




JOS, Nigeria — Community leaders say 32 people died Thursday and many were injured in tribal clashes sparked by cattle rustling in Nigeria’s volatile central Plateau state.
Langtang South committee chairman Nanman Garko said men believed to be Fulani herdsmen attacked Tarok farmers in reprisal for cattle thefts in the area some 200 kilometers (125 miles) from state capital Jos.
Community leader Salihu Jauro denied the attackers were Fulani though his people are angry about the theft of 300 cows by suspected Taroks.
The Fulani are Muslim and the Taroks Christian but violence here is a complex mix of religion, tribe, politics and land rights. Thousands have been killed since 1999.
Military spokesman Mustapha Salisu said five people died in similar violence last week in Wase district, 100 kilometers (60 miles) from Jos.

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Lawyers file appeal in bid to halt execution by firing squad, 5th execution in Nigeria




Nigeria — Human rights lawyers have filed an urgent appeal to try to prevent Nigerian authorities from executing a convicted armed robber by firing squad, two organizations said Thursday.
The suit filed Wednesday argues it is unconstitutional to deny an appeal to the man sentenced by a military tribunal in 1995, when Nigeria was under a military dictatorship notorious for its unfair trials and torturing confessions from detainees.
The lawyers said Thankgod Ebhos, 53, has been in prison since 1988, nearly half his life. In 1995 he was tried under a section of the Robbery and Firearms Act that does not allow for an appeal against the judgment of a military tribunal.
On Monday, Ebhos was dragged to the gallows where he watched four fellow death-row inmates hanged at Benin State Prison in southern Edo state.
The hangings ended a seven-year moratorium on executions in Nigeria, where the death penalty is mandatory for the crimes of armed robbery and murder.
“The planned execution by firing squad ... after witnessing the execution of four inmates constitutes mental torture and amounts to inhuman and degrading treatment” that contravenes Nigeria’s constitution, the appeal says.
Ebhos was reprieved because prison officials were not equipped to shoot him, said Edo state Attorney General Henry Idahagbon.
“Why they have been in prison so long and not executed I do not know and cannot say,” he told The Associated Press in a telephone interview. He blamed “some people not wanting to do their job” — an apparent reference to President Goodluck Jonathan’s recent statement urging governors to sign death warrants, no matter how painful they find it.
Idahagbon, who is also the state commissioner for justice, said he did not know when Ebhos may be executed. “I’m speculating but suspect prison authorities have to work with the military authorities to have the convict shot,” he said.
The statement signed by director Justine Ijeomah of the Human Rights, Social Development and Environmental Foundation and attorney Chino Obiagwu of the Legal Defense and Assistance Project said the original death warrant signed by the military administrator of northern Kaduna state stipulates that Ebhos should be executed in public in Kaduna city by the 1st Mechanized Division of the Nigerian Army.
“Any execution of the sentence of death passed on him by the military tribunal will be unlawful and further undermine respect for the rule of law in Nigeria,” the statement said.
It called on the president to commute Ebhos’ sentence to a term of imprisonment.
The appeal was filed at the Federal High Court in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital.
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Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Love at first sight may have a biological basis


ISTOCKPHOTO

By Laura Schwecherl







It’s Saturday night and the bar is packed. A beautiful brunette is sitting at the bar, sipping avodka soda and chatting with a friend. Out of the corner of her eye, she catches the glimpse of a man. Their eyes lock.
And they lived happily ever after.
But is it really that easy?
In fact, researchers who study human attraction say, people do tend to form opinions quickly when it comes to romance. Some think it takes just three minutes to decide whether someone’s a potential mate (and that’s before the drinks arrive).
Findings about friends who click immediately might also apply to romantic partnerships. In one study on friendships, people who enjoyed the first few minutes together were likely to develop a close relationship after nine weeks.
But instant attraction isn’t just in our heads: There may be a biological basis to love at first sight.
Studies have found that animals are more likely to mate with partners they’re genetically compatible with. It’s unclear whether this research applies to humans, but some scientists think we might be preprogrammed to spot “the one.” Romantic attraction might serve an evolutionary function: We seek out specific people who will be suitable mates, and we give everyone else the boot.
But meeting that special someone’s gaze and falling in love may be a bit more complicated.
Although about half the American population believes in love at first sight, not everyone falls head over heels right away.
Perhaps surprisingly, women aren’t always the romantics: One study found that men experience love at first sight more often than women. Researchers think that’s because men respond to physical cues more readily than women, and women tend to develop trust more gradually than men.
Also, people might be more inclined to believe in love at first sight when they’re younger. AGallup poll revealed that folks older than 50 are less likely than younger ones to think people can fall in love immediately (possibly because they’ve had more romantic relationships with different partners).
But it’s unclear how often love at first sight turns into a successful partnership.
One survey in Israel found that only about 10 percent of people say their long-term relationships began that way. While people can be instantly attracted to each other, some scientists say that being in love means really getting to know someone over time.
So don’t throw in the towel if that first date didn’t go so well. Psychologists believe more interactions with someone can make them look more attractive and intelligent. It may be worth giving love at second or third sight a chance, too.
Sometimes one look is all it takes to fall in love. But some experts think real affection develops gradually over time.
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